Healing Effect of Wistar Rat Incision Wounds on Administration of Microemulsion Combination of Green and Red Betel Leaf Extracts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35916/thmr.v6i1.110Keywords:
Green betel, Incision wounds, microemulsion, red betelAbstract
One natural ingredient that has the potential to heal wounds is betel leaf. This study aimed to analyze the healing effect of Incision wounds in Wistar rats when administering a microemulsion combination of green and red betel leaf extracts. This research begins with sample collection, drying process, and extraction. The extract was then formulated into emulgel as a microemulsion in three formulations. These three formulas, along with a positive control and a negative control, were tested on each Wistar rat incision wound. The results of the research showed that emulgel formula 3, which was tested on mice, had the best ability to heal wounds for an average of 2.5 days and kept the mice's body temperature normal; 36.6oC. Formula 3 contains 5% South Kalimantan red betel, 5% South Kalimantan green betel, 5% Central Kalimantan red betel, and 5% Central Kalimantan green betel. This proves that the combination of formula 3 can heal wounds and body temperature in experimental mice. Further research is needed to find the best composition that produces faster, more complete wound healing effects and safely impacts experimental animals.
References
Buulolo, AJ, and Syamsul, D. Formulation of Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera L.) Gel Preparation as a Wound Medicine. World Journal of Pharmacy. 2016;1(1):1-6.
Nurihardiyanti, N., Werawati, A., Kasumawati, F., and Ahaditama, R. Pharmacological Test of Toxic Jatropha Curcas L. Plant Patch Plaster for Healing Cut Wounds From Various Literature. In ongoing proceedings: National Seminar on Research Results and Community Service. 2020;1(1):1373-1380.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. National Riskesdas Report 2018. Publishing Institution Health Research and Development Agency (LPB): Jakarta. 2019.
Mahyudin F, Edward M, Basuki MH, Basrewan Y and Rahman A. Modern and Classic Wound Dressing Comparison In Wound Healing, Comfort And Cost. Nursing Journal. 2020;15(1):31-36.
Mohanty, C., and Sahoo, S. K. Curcumin and Its Topical Formulations For Wound Healing Applications. Drug Discovery Today. 2017;22(10):1582-1592.
Suharto, IPS, Ramayanti, ED, Mei Yunalia, E., and Ulfa, N. Betel Leaf Extract's Effect (Piper batle Linn) On The Healing Process Of Incision Wounds In Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Indonesian Journal of Nursing Education (JPKI). 2021; 7(2):123-128.
Rahmawati, I. Differences in the Effects of Wound Treatment Using Crushed Chinese Petai (Leucaena glauca Benth) Leaves and 10% Povidone Iodine in Accelerating Clean Wound Healing in Marmots (Cavia porcellus). Wiyata Journal. 2014;1(2):227-234
Lien LT, Tho NT, Ha DM, Hang PL, Nghia PT, Thang ND. Influence of Phytochemicals In Piper Betle Linn Leaf Extract On Wound Healing. Burns Trauma. 2015; 3(23).
Chakraborty D and Shah B. The antimicrobial, antioxidative and antihemolytic activity of Piper betel leaf extracts. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 3(3):192-199.
Gultom FKB, Nababan J, Sinambela TM, Harizka T, and Rahmatsyah R. Ethanol Absorbance Test on Green Betel Leaves (Piper betle L.) using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method. Einstein (e-Journal). 2017; 5(2): 20-24.
Qonitah F and Ahwan. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the polar isolate of the hexane fraction of ethanol extract of betel leaves (Piper betle L.). Pharmaceutical Journal. 2018; 7(2):42-46.
Caburian A.B and Osi MO. Characterization and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper Betle L. E-International Scientific Research Journal. 2010; 2(1):2-13.
Hoque, M.M., Rattila, S., Shishir, M.A., Bari, M.L., Inatsu, Y., and Kawamoto, S. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) against some food-borne pathogens. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology. 2011; 28(2):58-63.
Darmawan, A., Yusuf, S., Tahir, T., and Syahriyani, S. Betel leaf extract efficacy on wound healing: a systematic review. STRADA Health Scientific Journal. 2021; 10(1):526-536
Sikumbang, IM, Nurani, LH, Yuliani, S., and Edityaningrum, CA. The Effect Of Betel Leaf Extract Spray On Histopathology Of Wound Healing. Journal of Scientific and Practical Pharmacy. 2022; 8(2):162-169
Fannani, Muhammad Z., and Taufiq Nugroho. Effect of Ethanol Extract Ointment of Betel Leaves (Piper Betle) on Healing of Incision Wounds in Male White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus). Indonesian Journal of Medicine and Health. 2014; 6(1):20-27.
Akter, K.N., Karmakar, P., Das, A., Anonna, S.N., Shoma, S.A., and Sattar, M.M. Evaluation of antibacterial and anthelmintic activities with total phenolic contents of Piper betel leaves. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2014; 4(5):320-329.
Subiyandono & A. Nurhasanah. Antioxidant Activity Test of Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis), Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and Cempedak Leaves (Artocarpus champeden) using the DPPH Method. Journal of Health. 2015; 10:21-29.
Kamarudin, NA, M. Markom & J. Latip. Effects of Solvents and Extraction Methods on Herbal Plants Phyllanthus niruri, Orthosiphon stamineus and Labisia pumila. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2016; 9:1-5.
Rizki, MI, AK Sari, D. Kartika, A. Khairunnisa & Normaidah. Determination of Total Phenolic Content and Test of Antioxidant Activity of Fractions from Ethanol Extract of Cempedak Leaves (Artocarpus integer) using the DPPH Method. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana. 2022; 4:168-178.
Khadijah, AM Jayali, S. Umar & I. Sasmita. Determination of Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Daunsamama (Anthocephalus macrocephalus) from Ternate, North Maluku. Mulawarman Chemistry Journal. 2017; 15:11-18.
Kurniawati, D. Antibacterial Activity Test of Propolis Trigona spp. Origin of High Hills in the Sprague-Dawle White Rat. J. Prog. Kim. Si. 2011; 1(1):23-31.
Aini, DN, Ningsih, D., & Pramukantoro, GE. Effectiveness Test of Patch Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) on Healing of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Back Wounds: Effectiveness Test of Patch Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) on Healing of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Back Wounds. Journal of Science And Health. 2023; 5(5), 837–849. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v5i5.1942
Palumpun, EF, Wiraguna, AA, and Pangkahila, W. Topical administration of betel leaf extract (Piper Betle) increases epidermis thickness, fibroblasts, and collagen in wound healing in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). eBiomedicine. 2017; 5(1):1- 7.
Dwianggraini, R., Pujiastuti, P., and Ermawati, T. Differences in antibacterial effectiveness between red betel leaf extract (Piper scrotum) and green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Stomatognathic-Journal of Dentistry. 2013; 10(1): 1-5
Patil, RS, Harale, PM, Shivangekar, KV, Kumbhar, PP, and Desai, RR. Phytochemical potential and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Piper betle Linn. leaf extracts. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 7(5):1095-1101.
Pradhan D, Suri KA, Pradhan DK, Biswasroy P. Golden Heart of the Nature: Piper betle L. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013; 1(6):147-167.
Tiedtke J. Stimulation of Collagen Production in Human Fibroblasts. Cosmetic Science Technology. 2007.
Zulaechah. Differences in Healing Speed of Cut Wounds Between Using Snail Slime (Achatina fulica) and Povidone Iodine 10% in the Treatment of Cut Wounds in Mice (Mus musculus). Thesis. Nursing Science Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. 2010.
Sharma S, Khan IA, Ali I, Ali F, Kumar M, Kumar A. Evaluation of The Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiinflammatory Activities of Hidroxychavicol for Its Potential Use As an Oral Care Agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53(1):216-222.
Bhattacharya S, Banerjee D, Bauri AK, Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay SK.. Healing Property of The Piper Betel Phenol, Allylpyrocatechol Against Indometachin-Induced Stomach Ulceration and Mechanism of Action. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(2):3705-3713.
Francis G. Kerem Z, Makar HPS, Becker K. The Biological Action of Sapoinins in Animal Systems: A Review. Br J Nutr. 2002; 88:587-605.
Prabu MS, Muthumani M, Shagirta K. Protective Effect of Piper betle Leaf Extract Against Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Dysfunction in Rats. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2012; 10:1-11.
