Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) as Natural Sunscreen: Analysis of Flavonoid Content and Ultraviolet Protection Ability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35916/thmr.v7i1.132Keywords:
Flavonoids, kacip fatimah, Labisia pumila, protection, ultravioletAbstract
The cause of melanoma cancer is exposure to high-intensity ultraviolet rays from sunlight. Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) utilizes the people of the interior of Kalimantan to protect their skin from sunlight by attaching leaves to the face or skin. Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) contains flavonoid compounds, which are thought to impact these various properties. This study aimed to determine the ultraviolet protection ability and total flavonoid levels of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) leaves. Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) leaves originating from Central Kalimantan were cleaned, dried in an oven, ground, and then extracted with air solvents, 70% ethanol, and 96% ethanol. Flavonoid identification was carried out with specific reagents, and total flavonoid levels were determined by colorimetric method using quercetin as a comparison. The ultraviolet protection ability of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) leaf extract was measured using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer with the Sun Protection Factor parameter. The results showed the presence of flavonoids in the third extract. The total flavonoid content of air extract, ethanol 70%, and ethanol 96% from Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) leaves were obtained respectively at 1.69%, 2.15%, and 2.38%. The most extracted flavonoids were in ethanol 96%solvent. The ultraviolet protection ability at a concentration of 100 - 500 ppm from air extract was in the range of 2.80 - 7.99, in ethanol 70% extract in the range of 5.69 - 38.39, while in ethanol 96% extract in the range of 8.76 - 49.07. The highest ultraviolet protection was in 96% ethanol extract from Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) leaves. The results showed that Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila) leaves can provide ultraviolet protection with the content of active compounds of the flavonoid group. The research results can be scientific evidence for utilizing and developing products from Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila).
References
Lucas RM, Norval M, Neale RE, Young AR, De Gruijl FR, Takizawa Y, Leun J. The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2014;14(1): 53–87.
Souto EB, Jäger E, Jäger A, Št?pánek P, Cano A, Viseras C, Barbosa R, Chorilli M, Zeilinska A, Sverino P, Naveros C. Lipid nanomaterials for targeted delivery of dermocosmetic ingredients: advances in photoprotection and skin anti-aging. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(3): 377.
Salsabila S, Rahmiyani I, Sri Zustika D. Nilai sun protection factor (SPF) pada sediaan lotion ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum). Maj Farmasetika. 2021;6(Suppl 1): 123–32.
World Health Organization. Cancer today globocan 2022. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2022. Accessed on February 26, 2025. https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/360-indonesia-fact-sheet.pdf
Chua LS, Lee SY, Abdullah N, Sarmidi MR. Review on Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah): Bioactive phytochemicals and skin collagen synthesis promoting herb. Fitoterapia. 2012;83(8): 1322–35.
Choi H kyung, Kim D hyun, Kim JW, Ngadiran S, Sarmidi MR, Park CS. Labisia pumila extract protects skin cells from photoaging caused by UVB irradiation. J Biosci Bioeng. 2010;109(3): 291–6.
Rizki MI, Rahmatullah SW, Sari AK. Aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar fenolik total dari ekstrak daun kacip fatimah (Labisia pumila) menggunakan variasi pelarut ekstraksi. Borneo J Pharmascientech. 2024;08(02): 125–36.
Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016;5: e47.
Hassanpour SH, Doroudi A. Review of the antioxidant potential of flavonoids as a subgroup of polyphenols and partial substitute for synthetic antioxidants. Avicenna J Phytomedicine. 2023;13(4): 354–76.
Poljšak B, Dahmane R. Free radicals and extrinsic skin aging. Dermatol Res Pract. 2012;135206: 1–4.
Sari AK, Rizki MI, Azhara DD, Fadlilaturrahmah F. Antioxidant activity and marker compound levels of cempedak leaf (Artocarpus integer) extract in different solvent variations. Trop Health Med Res. 2024;6(2): 36–44.
Zainab Z, Nurlailah N, Ikhwan Rizki M. Identification of active compound and antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022;15(10): 4720–6.
Rizki MI, Triyasmono L, Rizky RA. Antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content kalangkala leaf extract (Litsea angulata). J Curr Pharm Sci. 2023;7(1): 696–701.
Sari AK, Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki, Syifa Auliani, Normaidah, Amalia Khirunnisa. Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total dan Nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Fraksi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cempedak (Artocarpus integer). Med Sains J Ilm Kefarmasian. 2022;7(4): 759–68.
Rizki MI, Sari AK, Kartika D, Khairunnisa A, Normaidah. Penetapan kadar fenolik total dan uji aktivitas antioksidan fraksi dari ekstrak etanol daun cempedak (Artocarpus integer) dengan metode DPPH. MPI Media Pharm Indones. 2022;4(2): 168–78.
Pratiwi DN, Utami N, Pratimasari D. Karakterisasi dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak dan fraksi bunga pepaya jantan (Carica papaya l.) dengan spektrofotometri uv-vis. J Ilm Farm. 2022;18(2): 219–33.
Soares S, Brandão E, Guerreiro C, Soares S, Mateus N, De Freitas V. Tannins in food: insights into the molecular perception of astringency and bitter taste. Molecules. 2020;25(11): 2590.
Lisdiani L, Susanto D, Manurung H. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers. 2022;23(7): 3827–35.
Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Plant Flavonoids: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity. Molecules. 2021;26(17): 5377–94.
Sulastri E, Zubair MS, Anas NI, Abidin S, Hardani R, Yulianti R, Aliyah. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin content and antioxidant activity of standardized extract of Moringa oleifera leaf from regions with different elevation. Pharmacogn J. 2018;10(6s): s104–8.
Ipandi I, Triyasmono L, Prayitno B. Penentuan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun kajajahi (Leucosyke capitellata Wedd.). J Pharmascience. 2016;3(1): 93–100.
Suharyanto S, Prima DAN. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total pada juice daun ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas l.) yang berpotensi sebagai hepatoprotektor dengan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis. Cendekia J Pharm. 2020;4(2): 110–9.
Singapurwa NMAS, Candra IP, Semariyani AAM. Analysis of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity from non-polar to polar solvent extracts in several types of “basa genep” constituent spices. Indones Food Sci Technol J. 2024;7(2): 110–20.
Roy A, Khan A, Ahmad I, Alghamdi S, Rajab BS, Babalghith AO, Alshahrani M, Islam S, Islam M. Flavonoids a bioactive compound from medicinal plants and its therapeutic applications. Ullah R, editor. BioMed Res Int. 2022;2022(1): 5445291.
Hasnat H, Shompa SA, Islam MdM, Alam S, Richi FT, Emon NU, Ashrafi S, Ahmed NU, Chowdhury MN, Fatema N, Hossain MS, Ghosh A, Ahmed F. Flavonoids: A treasure house of prospective pharmacological potentials. Heliyon. 2024;10(6): e27533.
Fonseca AP, Nobre R. Determination of sun protection factor by uv-vis spectrophotometry. Health Care Curr Rev. 2016;1(1): 1–4.
Kaur C, Saraf S. In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmacogn Res. 2010;2(1): 22.
Saewan N, Jimtaisong A. Photoprotection of natural flavonoids. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013;3(9): 129–41.
Filho JMT, Sampaio PA, Pereira ECV, Júnior RG, Silva FS, Almeida JR, Rolim LA, Nunes XP, Araujo C. Flavonoids as photoprotective agents: a systematic review. J Med Plants Res. 2016;10(47): 848–64.
Kanavy HE, Gerstenblith MR. Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011;30(4): 222–8.
