Food Consumption Patterns and Hypertension in Communities in the Martapura River Basin, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35916/thmr.v8i1.146Keywords:
Consumption patterns, hypertension, Martapura watershed, salty foods, vegetablesAbstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including South Kalimantan. Diet plays a significant role in the development of hypertension, particularly in communities living in river basins characterized by high sodium and low fiber consumption. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension in communities along the Martapura River Basin, South Kalimantan. The study, conducted in 2025, used a cross-sectional design with 260 purposively selected respondents. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and blood pressure measurements. The Spearman test showed a significant association between the consumption of fatty foods (Rho=0.323; p=0.000), salty foods (Rho=0.341; p=0.000), fruit (Rho=0.575; p=0.000), and vegetables (Rho=0.477; p=0.000) and the incidence of hypertension. High sodium consumption and low fruit and vegetable consumption are determinants contributing to the high prevalence of hypertension in the Martapura River Basin community. This study emphasizes the need for contextual public health interventions through nutrition education and increased access to healthy foods to reduce the burden of hypertension in the region.
References
World Health Organization. Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Accessed on 2025 Sep 22. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/344424/ 9789240033986-eng.pdf
World Health Organization. Global report on hypertension: the race against a silent killer [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Accessed on 2025 Sep 22. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081062
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2018 [Internet]. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2018. Accessed on 2025 Sep 22. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/ id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf
Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T, Emberson J, Chalmers J, Rodgers A, Rahimi K. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387(10022):957–67.
Htun NC, Suga H, Imai S, Shimizu W, Ishikawa-Takata K, Takimoto H. Dietary pattern and its association with blood pressure and blood lipid profiles among Japanese adults in the 2012 Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27:1048–61. doi:10.6133/apjcn.072018.04
Ndanuko RN, Tapsell LC, Charlton KE, Neale EP, Batterham MJ. Dietary patterns and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Nutr. 2016;7:76–89. doi:10.3945/an.115.009753
Gay HC, Rao SG, Vaccarino V, Ali MK. Effects of different dietary interventions on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2016;67:733–9. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06853
Jaalouk D, Matar Boumosleh J, Helou L, Abou Jaoude M. Dietary patterns, their covariates, and associations with severity of depressive symptoms among university students in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58:997–1008. doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1614-4
Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002;13:3–9. doi:10.1097/00041433-200202000-00002
Wang X, Liu A, Du M, Wu J, Wang W, Qian Y, Wang Y. Diet quality is associated with reduced risk of hypertension among Inner Mongolia adults in northern China. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23:1543–54. doi:10.1017/S136898001900301X
Ruan Y, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Qin S, Du X, Sun Y. Association between dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multiethnic population in southwest China. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1106. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6003-7
He Y, Ma G, Zhai F, Li Y, Hu Y, Feskens EJM, Yang X. Dietary patterns and glucose tolerance abnormalities in Chinese adults. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(11):1972–6.
Rahmawati NPN, Musfeptial, Syarifuddin R. Makna simbolik dan nilai budaya kuliner Wadai Banjar 41 macam pada masyarakat Banjar Kalsel. Yogyakarta: Kepel Press; 2014.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 [Internet]. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013. Accessed on 2025 Sep 22. https://repository. badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4467/1/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf
Mahdalena, Mahpolah, Suroto, Fahrunisa A, Maharani VA. Hypertension in riverside communities. Esiculture. 2024;8(2):1481–5. doi:10.70082/esiculture.vi.1413
Grillo A, Salvi L, Coruzzi P, Salvi P, Parati G. Sodium intake and hypertension. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):1970. doi:10.3390/nu11091970
Filippini T, Naska A, Kasdagli MI, Torres D, Lopes C, Carvalho C, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, Sofi F, Giampaoli S, Ricceri F, Bravi F, Krogh V, La Vecchia C, Vineis P, Sacerdote C. Potassium intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(12):e015719. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.015719
Wang C, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu D, Guo L, Wang B, Zuo H. Dietary patterns in association with hypertension: a community-based study in eastern China. Front Nutr. 2022;9:926390. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.926390
Sacks FM, Obarzanek E, Windhauser MM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, McCullough M, Karanja N, Lin PH, Steele P, Proschan MA, Evans MA, Appel LJ. Rationale and design of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial: a multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure. Ann Epidemiol. 1995;5(2):108–18.
Bundy JD, He J. Hypertension and related cardiovascular disease burden in China. Ann Glob Health. 2016;82(2):227–33. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2016.02.002
Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Hao G, Zhang Z, Shao L, Tian Y, Dong Y, Zheng C, Wang J, Zhu M, Weintraub WS, Gao R. Status of hypertension in China: results from the China Hypertension Survey, 2012–2015. Circulation. 2018;137(22):2344–56. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032380.
